Los Angeles operates as a charter city, distinguishing itself from general law cities with a unique governmental framework. Adopted on June 8, 1999, the current city charter has undergone numerous amendments over the years, shaping the city's governance. At its core, the elected government comprises the Los Angeles City Council, the Mayor of Los Angeles, the City Attorney, and the Controller, functioning within a mayor–council system. Leading the city as Mayor is Karen Bass, overseeing governance alongside 15 city council districts.

Key departments and appointed officers play vital roles in upholding the city's functions and services. These include the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), responsible for law enforcement, the Los Angeles Fire Department (LAFD), ensuring public safety, and the Los Angeles Department of Transportation (LADOT), managing transportation infrastructure. Additionally, the Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles (HACLA) addresses housing needs, while the Los Angeles Public Library (LAPL) serves as a cultural and educational hub for residents.

A unique aspect of Los Angeles's governance is the system of advisory neighborhood councils, established under the 1999 city charter. These councils, numbering around 90, represent diverse stakeholders within neighborhoods, including residents, workers, and property owners. With relative autonomy, they define their boundaries, establish bylaws, and elect officers, fostering grassroots engagement and community participation.

Supervisors for the city's four supervisorial districts are elected by Los Angeles residents, contributing to local governance at the county level. Furthermore, in state and federal legislative bodies, Los Angeles holds significant representation. In the California State Assembly, the city spans fourteen districts, while it is divided among eight districts in the California State Senate. In the United States House of Representatives, Los Angeles is segmented across nine congressional districts, ensuring its voice is heard at both state and national levels of governance.

Navigating the multifaceted governmental landscape of Los Angeles offers insight into the city's commitment to effective administration and civic engagement, reflecting its dynamic and diverse population.